iosr-JDMS   Volume-10 ~ Issue-4

Abstract: Background and Objectives: We evaluated the effect of adding dexamethasone to ropivacaine for supraclavicular brachial plexus blockade. The primary endpoints were the onset and total duration of sensory and motor block, quality of analgesia and duration of analgesia.

Keywords: Dexamethasone, Ropivacaine, Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block

[1]. Reiz S., Häggmark S., Johansson G., Nath S.,V Cardiotoxicity of ropivacaine – a new amide local anaesthetic agent, Acta anaesthesiol. scand., 33, 93-98, 1989.
[2]. Pitkänen M., Feldman H. S., Arthur G. R., Covino B. G., Chronotropic and inotropic effects of ropivacaine, bupivacaine and lidocaine in the spontaneously beating and electrically paced isolated, perfused rabbit heart, Reg. Anesth., 17, 183-192, 1992.
[3]. Sztark F., Malgat M., Dabadie P., Mazat J. P., Comparison of the effects of bupivacaine and ropivacaine on heart cell mitochondrial bioenergetics, Anesthesiology, 88, 1340-1349, 1998.
[4]. Scott D. B., Lee A., Fagan D., Bowler G. M. R., Bloomfield P., Lundh R., Acute toxicity of ropivacaine compared with that of bupivacaine, Anesth. Analg., 69, 563-569, 1989.
[5]. Knudsen K., Beckman-Suurkula M., Blomberg S., Sjovall J., Edvardsson N., Central nervous and cardiovascular effects of i.v. infusions of ropivacaine, bupivacaine and placebo in volunteers, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 78, 507-514, 1997.
[6]. Wakhlo R, Gupta V, Raina A, Gupta SD, Lahori VU. Supraclavicular Plexus Block: Effect of Adding Tramadol or Butorphanol as an Adjuncts to Local Anaesthetic on Motor and Sensory Block and Duration of Post-operative Analgesia. J Anaesth Clin Pharmacol 2009; 25(1): 17-20.
[7]. Gabriella I, Adnane M, Desire-Pascal D, et.al. The effects of clonidine added to mepivacaine for paronychia surgery under axillary brachial plexus block. Anesth Analg 2005; 100(4):1179-1183.
[8]. Lalla RL, Anant S, Nanda HS. Verapamil as an Adjunct to Local Anaesthetic for Brachial Plexus Blocks. MJAFI 2010; 66: 22-24.
[9]. Castillo J, Curley J, Hotz J, et al. Glucocorticoids prolong rat sciatic nerve blockade in vivo from bupivacaine microspheres. Anesthesiology 1996; 85:1157-66.
[10]. Droger C, Benziger D, Gao F, Berde CB. Prolonged intercostals nerve blockade in sheep using controlled-release of bupivacaine and dexamethasone from polymer microspheres. Anesthesiology 1998; 89: 969-74.

Abstract: Background and Objective: Burns injury is a major cause of anxiety and depression, contributing both as a risk factor and as an outcome process. This poses a great challenge in rehabilitation of burns patients. The main objective of this research is to understand better the frequency of anxiety and depression in burns victims and also assess the socio-demographic distribution of such cases.

KeyWords; Anxiety, Depression, Burns, Beck's Inventory.

[1]. P. K. Dalal, Rahul Saha, Manu Agarwal Psychiatric aspects of burns.Indian J Plast Surg. 2010 September; 43(Suppl): S136–S142.
[2]. Moore MJ, Moore PB, Shaw PJ (October 1998). "Mood disturbances in motor neuronedisease". Journal of the neurological sciences. 160 Suppl 1: S53–6.
[3]. Beck AT, Steer RA, Ball R, Ranieri W (December 1996). "Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories -IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients". Journal of Personality Assessment67 (3): 588–97.
[4]. Lal P, Rahi M, Jain T, Ingle GK. Epidemiological stud [5]. Tejerina C, Reig A, Codina J, Safont J, Baena P, Mirabet V. Anepidemiological study of burn patients hospitalized in Valencia,Spain during 1989. Burns 1992;18(1):15–8.
[6]. Attia AF, Sherif AA, Mandil AM, Massoud MN, Abou-Nazel MW, Arafa MA. Epidemiological and sociocultural study of burn patients in Alexandria, Egypt. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 1997;3(3):452–61.
[7]. Thomas BD, Bresnick GM, Magyar-Russell G, Lawrence JW, McCann UD, Fauerbach JA. Depression in survivors of burn injury: A systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry2006;28:494–502.
[8]. Thombs BD, Hanies JM, Bresnick MG, Magyar-Russell G,Fauerbach JA, Spence RJ. Depression in burn reconstructionpatients: symptoms prevalence and association with body imagedissatisfaction and physical function. Gen Hosp Psychiatry2007;29(1):14–20.
[9]. Loncar Z, Bras M, Mickovic V. The relationships between burn pain, anxiety and depression. CollAntropol 2006;2:319–25.
[10]. Byers JF, Bridges S, Kijek J, La Borde P. Burn patients' pain andanxiety experiences. J Burn Care Rehabil 2001;22(2):144–9.

Abstract: Objectives :The aim of this in-vitro study was to compare the accuracy of dies generated from metal and plastic dual arch trays impressions using two different viscosities of polyvinyl siloxane impression material and comparing the results to that obtained using a conventional full arch custom impression technique. Materials and method: Seven set of impressions were made of an experiment model using different combinations of, dual arch trays and viscosities of impression materials and the dimensions of the dies thus obtained were compared with those obtained from conventional full arch custom arch tray and medium viscosity impression material. Results: The gypsum dies prepared, from the complete arch custom tray technique and the dual arch impression technique using plastic and metal dual arch trays were generally larger in bucco-lingual dimension and shorter in mesio-distal dimension. Conclusions: All the seven types of impression techniques produced clinically successful impressions of standard brass die and dies so developed were within clinical standards to produced clinically successful restorations.

Key Words: Closed mouth impression Dual arch tray, Impressions, Triple tray.

[1]. E.G.Wilson , S.R Werrin. Double arch impressions for simplified dentistry. JPD 1983(49)198-202
[2]. Davis R D ,Schwartz R S. Dual- arch and custom –tray impression accuracy.JADA 1991(4)89-92
[3]. Bass E V, Kafalias M C Dual arch impressions Aust Dent J 1992(37)1-5
[4]. Davis R D , Schwartz R S. Marginal adaptation of castings made with dual-arch and custom trays. Am J Dent 1992(5)253-4
[5]. G.J.Kaplowitz. Troubleshooting dual arch impressions. JADA 1996(127):234-40
[6]. Kaplowitz. Trouble shooting dual arch impressions –II. JADA 1997 (128) : 1277- 81.
[7]. COX J R. A clinical study comparing the marginal and occlusal accuracy of crowns fabricated from dual arch and complete arch impressions. Aus Dent.J 2005(50):90-4.
[8]. Jeffrey AC, Glen HJ, Lepe.X. The effect of tray selection, viscosity of impression material, and sequence of pour on the accuracy of dies made from the dual arch impressions. JPD 2003(90): 143-9.
[9]. M.H.Parker, S.M.Cameron, J.C.Hughbanks. comparison of occlusal contacts in maximum intercuspation for two impression techniques. JPD 1997(78):255-9
[10]. S.R.Werrin. The 2- minute impression technique. Quintessence International. 1996(270:179-81.