IOSR-JBM   Volume-7 ~ Issue-2 ~ Jan-Feb-2013

Abstract:The Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) was incorporated in India in 1956 by nationalization of private insurance companies functioning in the country. LIC is statutorily required to invest 25 per cent of its annual accretion of its controlled funds in socially oriented schemes including housing in addition to subscribing to the bonds/debentures floated by State Housing Boards, HUDCO, etc. LIC has been granting loans right from its inception. With the announcement of National Housing Policy in 1987 and the subsequent setting up of National Housing Bank, LIC set up LIC Housing Finance Limited (LICHFL) on 19th July, 1989 under the Companies Act, 1956. The company went public in the year 1994. The company is the second largest housing finance company in the country after HDFC. Almost 93 per cent of the company's loans are to retail customers and the balance 7 per cent to project developers. In the present paper, a survey of 100 respondents has been conducted to examine and compare their opinion regarding the functioning of LIC Housing Finance Ltd. in Bathinda. An attempt has been made to examine the extent to which LIC Housing Finance Ltd. has catered to the needs of the people.
Keywords: Housing Finance, LICHFL, Performance, Chi-square, Loans.

[1] Annual Reports of LICHFL for the year 2003-04 to 2011-12
[2] Gupta, S.P. "Statistical Methods", Sultan Chand and Sons Educational Publishers, New Delhi (2002), pp. 953-1002.

Abstract: The research is based on the phenomenon of an International-Scale State-Owned Enterprises by implementing Modern HRM operating at the city of Bitung, North Sulawesi province. It is interesting to study how far the work motivation, leadership style of learning organization as fundamental variables and organizational commitment as mediation in influencing the employees performance of this company. Overall, the goal of development in the field of HR in companies today is the achievement of the quality of human resources and the people of Indonesia are developed in an atmosphere of peace and happiness.
Keywords: Work Motivation, leadership style, learning organization, organizational commitment, employee performance

[1] Adler, N. J. 1997. Organizational Behavior. Third Edition. Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western College Publishing.
[2] Allen and Meyer. 1991. A Three-Component conceptualization of Organizational Commitment. Human Resources Management
Review. The University of Western Ontario. Vol 1 No. 1. pp. 61-69.
[3] Allen and Meyer. 1991. Affective, continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organizational: An Examination of Construct
Validity. Journal of Vocational Behavior. The University Of Western Ontario, Vol. 43. pp. 252-276.
[4] Aldag, R. and Reschke, W. 1997. Employee Value Added: Measuring Discretionary Effort and Its Value to The Organization.
Center for Organization Effectiveness, Inc. 608/833-3332. pp. 1-8.
[5] Argyris, C. 1974. Organizational Learning, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
[6] Armstrong, M., 2003. Reward Management, Fourth Edition. Cogent Page, London.
[7] Aragon, A., 2007. Leadership and Organizational Learning's Role on Innovation and Performance: Lessons from Spain, Journal of
Industrial Marketing Management 36 (2007) 349-359.
[8] Barbuto, J. 2005. Full Range Leadership. Nebguide, The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska on Behalf-Lincoln
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[9] Bass, B. M. 1990. Transformational Leadership: beyond Initiation and Consideration, Journal of management.
[10] Bass, B. M. and Avolio, B. J. 1994. Manual for Improving Organizational Effectiveness Through Transformational Leadership,
Sage, Thousand Oaks California.

Abstract: The main objective of this study is to examine the influence of service quality dimensions on customer overall satisfaction. This study posits and develops an instrument of service quality and examines the relationship between perceived service quality dimensions and customer overall satisfaction. The results shows that the most important service quality practice on customer satisfaction is responsiveness as it is perceived as a dominant service quality. The results reveal that the service quality dimensions of tangibles, responsiveness, reliability and assurance are positively and significantly influencing the customers overall satisfaction, while the empathy is negatively and significantly influencing the customers overall satisfaction. Thus, this present research concluded that service quality is the basic and also most important factor that influences the overall customer satisfaction. This finding reinforces the need for banks managers to place an emphasis on the underlying dimensions of service quality especially on responsiveness and should start with improving service quality in order to raise overall customer satisfaction.
Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, New Private Sector Banks, Service Quality.

[1] Abdullah, Shabib., (2002). Measuring Customer Satisfaction for Business Services Quality to Islamic Financial Institutions in
Kuwait. Unpublished Master Thesis, Faculty of Commerce, Shams University.
[2] Ahmed, I., Nawaz, M., Usman, A., Shaukat, M., Ahmad, N., and Iqbal, H., (2010). Impact of Service Quality on Customers'
Satisfaction: Empirical Evidence from Telecom Sector of Pakistan. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business,
1(12): 98-113.
[3] Al-Hawari, M. and Ward, T., (2006). The Effect of Automated Service Quality on Australian Banks' Financial Performance and The
Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 24(2): 127-147.
[4] Anber Abraheem Shlash Mohammad and Shireen Yaseen Mohammad Alhamadani(2011). Service Quality Perspectives and
Customer Satisfaction in Commercial Banks Working in Jordan. Middle Eastern Finance and Economics, 14(1):.60-72.
[5] Angur, Madhukar G., Nataraajan, Rajan and Jahera Jr, John S., (1999). Service Quality in the Banking Industry: An Assessment in A
Developing Economy. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 17 (3):116-123.
[6] Babakus, E., and Boller, G., (1992). An Empirical Assessment of the SERVQUAL Scale. Journal of Business Research, 24(3): 253.
[7] Babakus, E., and Yavas, U., (2008). Does Customer Sex Influence the Relationship Between Perceived Quality and Share of
Wallet?. Journal of Business Research, 61(9): 974–981.
[8] Bahia, K., and Nantel, J.,(2000). A Reliable and Valid Measurement Scale for the Perceived Service Quality of Banks. The
International Journal of Bank Marketing, 18(2):84.
[9] Baker, D. A., and Crompton, J. L.,(2000). Quality Satisfaction and Behavioral Intentions. Annals of Tourism Research, 27 (3): 785-
804.
[10] Beer, Michael,(2003). Why Total Quality Management Programs Do not Persist the Role of Management Quality and Implication for Leading a TQM Transformation. Decision Science, 34(4): 624-642.

Abstract: Mutual Fund companies are financial intermediaries providing financial services to small investors through mobilisation of funds, when the investors invest in a mutual fund they are buying shares or units of the mutual fund and become a shareholder of the fund. Mutual funds are one of the best investments ever created because they are very cost efficient and very easy to invest in. Thus the Rupee is generated in the form of big returns to promote financial excellence.
Keywords: Small investors, Big Returns, Net Asset Value, Beta, Alpha, Financial Excellence, Financial Assets, Asset classes.

[1] Agarwal N.P. Mishra B. K. Sonia Agarwal,(2007) "Issues in Financial Management", RBSA Publishers, 1st edition.
[2] Bollen N P B and Busse J A (2004) "short-term persistence in Mutual Fund Performance", Review of Financial studies, Vol.18,
No.2,PP.569-597
[3] Cai J, Chan K C and Yamada (1997) " The Performance of Japanese Mutual Funds", The Review of Financial Studies Vol.10,
No.2, PP.237-273
[4] Chang, E., and W. Levellen, " Market Timing and Mutual Fund Investment Performance", Journal of Business (January 1984)
[5] Donald E. Fischer, Ronald J. Jordon "Security Analysis and Portfolio Management", 6th edition, PHI.
[6] Gangadhar V. and Ramesh Babu G., "Investment Management", Anmol Publications Pvt. Limited.
[7] Gupta Shivani (2011) " Indian Mutual Fund Industry: Current state and Future outlook" Indian Journal of Finance, Vol.5, Issue 4,
PP.38
[8] J.S. Yadav and O.S. Yadav (2012), "The Indian Stock Market :A Comparative Study of Mutual Funds and Foreign Institutional
Investors" Indian Journal of Finance, Vol. 6 No. 9.
[9] Jaydev M. (1996) " Mutual Funds Performance, An Analysis of Monthly Returns", Finance India,Vol.10, Issue 1, PP.73-84
[10] Navdeep Aggarwal and Mohit Gupta, , "performance of Mutual funds in india an empirical study" ICFAI Journal of finance 2007,
No.9, Vol.13

Abstract: The research paper focuses on the Role of NGOs in promoting Self Help Groups in Kanchipuram District, of Tamil Nadu. NGOs (Non-Government Organisations) are Self Help Promotion Institutions (SHPI) with a special task of promoting, nurturing, strengthening and monitoring the SHGs. Many studies reveal that the groups promoted by NGOs are relatively performed better than other Agencies. NGOs conduct periodical trainings to its SHG members to promote leadership qualities and income generating activities. SHGs that are getting trainings from NGOs are performing better than others. NGOs are facilitating intermediaries and they could play a significant role in initiating a right enterprise and technical skills to SHGs. Women should be imparted technical knowledge, skill- training and marketing techniques in the process of establishing on an enterprise by them for more sustainability
Keywords: AB: NGO; NON - GOVERNMENT ORGANISATION

[1] Alsop, R and Hernsohn,N (2005) Measuring Empowerment in Practice:
[2] Aloysius P. Fernandez, (Fernandez, 2008). (Founder of MYRADA )
[3] CRDS: Chengalpattu Rural Development Society ( A-NGO)
[4] International Journal of Microfinance Volume.1 No.2011
[5] Naqvi,H (2008) "The Path of women's Empowerment in India"- Kurukshetra Volume,56.No.11, September ,pp 26-
[6] Nair, Tara S. (2010) "Commercial Microfinance and Social Responsibility" A Critique: Economic and Political Weekly.
[7] Priya Basu-2006," Improving Access to finance for India's Rural Poor" Direction in Development, the World Bank, Washington
DC.
[8] Stephen J.K. Selian A,"Role of NGO in Microfinance through SHGs"- Indian Journal of Marketing. Volume 8.August 2005
[9] Tyagi S. (2008) "Strategic Model for Effective functioning of SHG" – Kurukshetra. Volumw 57, No.2 Dec, PP 17-19.
[10] Thanni Raju, D and Deepa. M (2011) Capacity building of women Self Help Groups"

Abstract: Modern life is full of stress. Nursing is, by its very nature, an occupation subject to a high degree of stress. This profession involves working with people who are themselves suffering a considerable degree of stress. The purpose of this paper is to examine job stress and its impact on the job satisfaction among nurses in private hospitals. The survey based instrument was used to gather the responses from the nurses working in leading hospitals having more than 407 beds situated in Central Kerala. Questionnaire was the main tool used to collect the pertinent data from the selected sample respondents. 100 respondents participated in this survey. This study is limited to hospitals .The results may not be applicable to other business organization. The study has been analyzed through simple percentage method and SPSS.
Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Nurses, Stress

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[3] Eleni Moustaka, Theodoros C Constatinidis. "Sources and effects of work-related stress in nursing." Health Science Journal, 2010:
210-216.
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http://www.ahna.org/Resources/StressManagement/tabid/1229/Default.aspx (accessed october 14, 2012).
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Dehradun." International Journal of Research in IT & Management, 2011: 61-77.
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Abstract: This research aims to analyze (a) the role of cost and time on the switching barrier, (b) the the influence switching barrier on the switching intention, and (c) the role of variety seeking behavior on switching intention in the minimarket (i.e. Indomaret and Alfamart) at Kabupaten Jember, Indonesia. The respondents which were the customers who have experienced making shopping transaction at both minimarkets were determined by using purposive sampling method. The research sample is 200 customers of Indomaret and Alfamart. The analysis method used in this research is Partial Least Square (PLS) program. The result demonstrates that cost variable affects switching barrier; besides, time influences switching barrier as well. Yet, variety seeking brings positive but not significant role on switching intention. It implies that there is no direct influence of variety seeking on switching intention; in other words, variety seeking value does not alter the level of switching intention.
Keywords: Cost, Switching Barrier, Switching Intention, Time, Variety Seeking

[1] Ma'ruf, Hendri pemasaran ritel (Jakarta: Penerbit PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2005)
[2] Majalah Ritel Media Edisi Tahun I/Juli-Agustus 2003
[3] Anne Findlay and Leigh Sparks, 2007, "Switched": Store-Switching Behaviours "International Journal Of Retail & Distribution
Management" 36(5), 2008, 375-386
[4] Keaveney, S.M, "Customer Switching Behavior in Services Industries: An Exploratory Study", Journal of Marketing, 59, 1995, 71
– 82
[5] Chengiz, Ekrem dan Erdogan, Y. H., The Effect of Marketing Mix On Positive Worth Mouth Communication: Evidence From
Accounting Offices in Turkey, Innovative Marketing, 3, 2007, 4
[6] Miranda, Mario J., Laszio Konya And Inka Havia, 2005. "Shoppers Satisfaction levels Are Not The Only Key To Store Loyalty"
Marketinng Intelellegence Science & Planning, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 14 (5), 2005, 392-410
[7] Colgate, M. And Hedge, R., "An Investigation Into The Switching Process In Retail Banking Services" International Journal Of
Bank Marketing, 19(5) 2001, 201-212
[8] Carmen Anto´n Carmen Camarero and Mirtha Carrero, " Analysing Firms' Failures As Determinants Of Consumer Switching
Intentions The Effect Of Moderating Factors", European Journal of Marketing, 41 (1/2), 2005, 135-158
[9] Dong-Hee Shin and Won-Yong Kim. "Forecasting Customer Switching Intention In Mobile Service: An Exploratory Study Of
Predictive Factors In Mobile Number Portability" Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 75, 2007, 854–874
[10] Heesup Han, Wansoo Kim and Sunghyup Sean Hyun, "Switching Intention Model Development: Role Of Service
Performances, Customer Satisfaction, and Switching Barriers In The Hotel Industry" International Journal of Hospitality
Management, XXX–XXX , 2010, 11

Abstract: Service quality a reflection of organizational performance isknown as ultimatemeasure of customers satisfaction especially in the services sector which retainscustomers for life. The purpose of thisstudywas to measurebanks service attitude by assessingemployees and customers perceptions of Pakistani banks. A conveniencesampling technique wasused in which a spectrum of 200 customers and 100 employees of sampledbanksparticipated in the survey. A five dimensional instrument SERVQUAL adaptedfrom relevant studieswasused to measure service attitude of Pakistani bankswhichwasfoundreliableat 0.8213 Cronbach'salpha, Meanscores,alphas, and Independentsamples t-test wasused for significance, and variance analysis. Results revealed thatsignificancedifference of opinion wasfoundbetween the perceptions of employees and customers in all the dimensions of service qualitywhichdepictsserious initiatives are needed to develop service quality attitude by the Pakistani banks in order to ultimatesurvival in the bankingsector of Pakistan which is very dynamic and competitive.
Keywords: Banks, Customers Perceptions, Employees Perceptions, Service Attitude, Service Quality

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Marketing, 1996, 12-20.
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Abstract: Islamic banks have emerged over the last four decades and witnessed remarkable growth in terms of numbers of new Islamic banks being established all over the world. This expansion is paralleled to an equal high growth in Islamic banking education. There exist various colleges and universities offering courses related to Islamic banking and finance. This paper maps the growth and development of Islamic banking industry from 1963 to the 21st century both in terms of education, trend and challenges. This study could provide a systematic documentation of the rapid growth in the Islamic banking industry and able to attract new participants. However, the rapid development in the global financial markets poses various challenges to Islamic banking in the present era. These issues and challenges need to be addressed very carefully in order to sustain the rapid growth it experienced before. This paper highlights the various developments, issues and challenges confrontingthe Islamic banking to offer recommendations for further improvement.
Keywords: Islamic banking, development, trends and challenges.

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Experience." International Journal of Islamic Financial Services 2(4).
[2] Abdus Samad, K. H. (1999). "The Performance of Malaysian Islamic bank during 1984-1997:an exploratory study." International
Journal of Islamic Financial Services 1(3).
[3] Ahmad Kaleem, M. I. (2003). "Causal Relationship between Islamic and conventional banking instrument in Malaysia."
International Journal of Islamic Financial Services 4(4).
[4] Ali, S. S. (2004). Islamic Mode of Finance and Liquidity Risks. Conference on Monetory Sector in Iran: Structure, performance
and challenging issues, Tehran, Iran.
[5] Ariff, M. (1988). "Islamic Banking." Asia-Pacific economics literature 2(2): pp 48-64.
[6] Dadang Muljawan, H. A. D., Maximilian J.B. Hall (2004). "A Capital adequacy framework for Islamic Banks the need to reconcile
depositors risk aversion with managers risk taking." Applied Financial Economics 14: pp 429-441.
[7] El-Gamal, M. A. (2000). An Economic Explication of the Prohibition of Gharar in Classical Islamic Jurisprudence. 4thInternational
Conference on Islamic Economics, Leicester, UK.
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[9] Kamal Naser, L. M. (1997). "Strategic marketing management: the case of Islamic banks." International journal of bank marketing
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Abstract: To study the role of transformational leadership in organizational change and considering the mediating effect of trust the researcher conducted the study. To examine the relationship the author collected the data via questionnaires from the banking sector of Pakistan. The results are calculated by regression analysis and there is significant relationship between the transformational leadership with organizational change and trust is playing the mediating role. In the end the implications and the limitations of the research are discussed.
Keywords: Transformational leadership, Organizational change, trust, banking sector.

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Abstract: The aim of the study is to analyze and evaluate the impact of core macroeconomic variables – GDP, Inflation and Exchange Rate on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows in Pakistan. The role and effect of these macroeconomic variables on the growth of FDI inflows has always been the major area of interest for the economics and finance experts and policy makers of the present era. The study therefore attempts to explore how the core macroeconomic indicators affect the FDI inflows in Pakistan. For this purpose time series data covering four decades from year 1971 to year 2009 has been taken for analysis. The data is taken from online material available at websites of World Development Indicators, International Monetary Fund, State Bank of Pakistan and Economic Survey of Pakistan. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses are performed to evaluate the data and generalize the results. Pearson Correlation, Augmented Dickey Fuller Unit Root Test, Phillip Peron Unit Root Test, Johnson Co integration Test and Ordinary Least Square technique is used to analyze and conclude the results. The results showed that all three macroeconomic variables are positively associated to the dependent variable – FDI. Data stationarity is confirmed through Phillip Peron test at first difference. Data co integration is checked through Log likelihood Ratio that satisfied co integrating equation at 5% significance level.
Keywords: FDI, Inflation, GDP, Exchange Rate.

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Abstract: The purpose of present study is to construct a relationship between tariff structures and FDI to identify and measure how and to what extent tariff structures of a country influences the FDI in today's era of increased capital mobility. On the basis of the review of literature the study took tariff structure as independent variable to measure its effect on FDI being dependant variable. Gross capital formation, inflation and GDP are taken as control variables affecting FDI in relation to changes in tariff structures. Time series secondary data regarding the studied variables covering the period 1973 – 2011 is taken for conducting the analysis. Data analysis for the present study is conducted through Augmented Dickey Fuller Test (ADF) for data stationarity; Johansen Cointegration Test for data cointegration; and Least Square Regression Analysis for measuring the impact of explanatory variables on dependant variable. The study concludes that lower tariff structures, higher GDP and higher inflation increase the foreign direct investment whereas gross capital formation has no effect on the foreign direct investment.
Keywords: Tariff Structure, FDI, Gross Capital Formation, Inflation, GDP.

[1] Aqeel, A. and Nishat, M. (2004), The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan, The Pakistan Development Review, 43, 651-664.
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Abstract: The paper studies the link between general elections in Pakistan and the depreciation of exchange rate. The paper is unique in a way that no previous study has been done in Pakistan. We strive to prove that Pakistani politicians try to manipulate the exchange rate in some way so that they can get votes of citizens and when the elections are over, exchange rate depreciates at an increasing rate. Due to the presence of high degree of random disturbance in the data we used vector auto regression. The results given by vector auto regression confirms all the previous studies that whenever the elections are over the exchange rate depreciates at a very high rate than it was before the elections which in turn also confirmed that in pre-elections; politicians try different methods to get votes in their favor. We took time series data from 1970 to 2009, which covers a total of nine general elections held in Pakistan.
Keywords: Depreciate, Elections, Exchange Rate, Political stability.

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Abstract: The objective of the study is to determine and measure how and to what extent size of the firm, net working capital, leverage, cash conversion cycle and sales growth affect the cash holdings of corporate organizations. The study selected 395 non financial companies of Pakistan listed on Karachi stock exchange, for the purpose of examining the relationships. Financial data for 6 years period was included in analysis covering years 2005-2011. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple regression and ANOVA were used to conduct the analysis. The results demonstrated significant relationship between cash holdings and the selected variables except sales growth. This study will contribute in understanding the factors affecting corporate liquidity by financial managers as well as the investors seeking to invest in Pakistani companies.
Keywords: Cash Holdings, Firm Size, Leverage, Net Working Capital, Sales Growth, Cash Conversion Cycle.

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Abstract: The objective of this research is two fold. First is to determine the impact of brand experience, brand trust and affective commitment on purchase intentions. Second is to ascertain the mediating role of brand love in the relationships of purchase intentions and word-of-mouth. The data was obtained from 265 cell phone customers from Islamabad and Rawalpindi cities of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Simple random sampling technique was used for the collection of data and the data was analyzed in SPSS 15.0 where correlation and regression analyses were performed. Results indicate that brand experience, brand trust and affective commitment have significant positive impacts on purchase intentions. In this relationship, the intensity of the impact of affective commitment is quite high as compared to other variables. Other results revealed that purchase intentions significantly predict brand love and word-of-mouth, and brand love also significantly predicts word-of-mouth. And finally, brand love has partial mediation affect in the relationship of purchase intentions and word-of-mouth
Keywords: affective commitment, brand experience, brand trust, brand love, cell phone.

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Abstract: The drive for monetary success has the tendency for corporate executives to exploit and/or disregard regulatory controls for the sake of financial gain. This research evaluates the limitations of the corporate governance codes in Nigeria in preventing collapses. A background into the development of corporate governance in Nigeria is evaluated. Furthermore, the Nigerian corporate governance frameworks, its implementation, challenges and effectiveness would be assessed. The qualitative research method was employed to collect information. Descriptive data and critical analyses methods are used to compare the corporate governance codes.
Keywords: Collapses, Corporate governance codes, Limitations.

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