IOSR-JAVS   Volume-6 ~ Issue-6 ~ JAN-2014

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to develop a protocol for rapid callus induction and subsequent shoot regeneration in Bougainvillea (B. ×buttiana, B. spectabilis and B. glabra). The best results of callus induction response (92.86%) in whole area of node explant was observed on WPM medium of B. × buttiana compared with B. × buttiana when cultured on MS medium gave (85.71). The lowest callus induction response (71.00%) was observed on WPM medium from B. glabra followed by MS medium (71.43%) callus was formed from B. glabra. While the maximum number of shoot induced from callus, maximum shoots length and highest number of leaves per culture were obtained on WPM was 12.14 shoots/ culture, 2.14 cm and 20.71 leaves/ culture respectively from B.× buttiana after 6 weeks of culture inoculation compared with all characterized for B.× buttiana when cultured on MS medium was give number of shoot induced from callus, maximum shoots length and highest number of leaves per culture (11.43shoot induced/ callus, 17.14 cm, 1.96number of leaves/ culture) respectively.

Key words: In vitro, Bougainvillea, callus induction, different media, WPM and MS medium.

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ABSTRACT: In order to study the effect of seed soaking on seed germination and growth of bitter gourd cultivars an experiment was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm Singri, Bhimber Azad Kashmir, during March, 2012. Three cultivars of bitter gourd Faisalabad Long, Jaunpuri and Palee were soaked in water for various soaking durations (4, 8, 12 and 16 hours) along with control to determine the optimal soaking duration and find out the best growing cultivar. The highest germination percentage (85.18%), number of branches plant-1 (8.64), fruits plant-1 (20.70) were obtained when the bitter gourd seeds soaked for 12 hours. Earlier emergence (6.28) and earlier flowering (39.40) were recorded in plants where seeds soaked for 16 hours. Cultivar Palee significantly enhanced the germination percentage (85.56%), days to flowering (39.55), numbers of branches plant-1 (8.86), fruits plant-1 (21.09). Seed soaking in water for 12 hours has the potential to improve germination, seedling growth of bitter gourd cultivars. It was concluded that the seed soaking of cultivar Palee for 12 hours showed best results regarding maximum germination and enhanced growth under the agro-climatic conditions of district Bhimber, Azad Kashmir. Pakistan.

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ABSTRACT: The paper presents the application of artificial neural network (ANN) in predicting some mechanical properties of Melon fruits. There is no established numerical relation between the physical properties and the mechanical properties of melon fruits. The physical data were obtained experimentally for 120 melon fruits. A feedforward backward propagation (ff-BP) architecture was developed and used to estimate the mechanical properties of the Melon fruits from the measured physical properties. A Levenberg-Marquoardt (LM) optimization was used to train the 4-5-5-1 Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) network and root mean square error (RMSE) was used as performance criteria. The physical properties were trained using MATLAB Neural Network Toolbox and the results compared with experimental values. It was observed that the ANN's predicted values and the experimental results agreed upto 95%. The network predicts a maximum shear force of 400.76N and a minimum 206.48N. and a best evaluation performance was reached after t epoch three (3).

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