IOSR-JAVS   Volume-2 ~ Issue-3 ~ JAN-FEB-2013

ABSTRACT:The risk factors associated with fish production were examined in Kaduna metropolis of Nigeria. A multi stage sampling method was used in sampling a total of 240 respondents with the aid of structured questionnaires which were administered to fish farmers. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and Bayesian decision models. The result shows that farmers in the study area have an average age of about 37.8 years and an average household size of about 5 people. An average sampled fish farmer in the study area had a minimum of secondary education. The three major risk factors identified in the study area includes diseased/parasites, flooding resulting from excessive rain and pilfering with posterior probabilities of occurrence of 0.34, 0.46 and 0.20 respectively. it is recommended that farmers should stock disease resistant varieties ,put in place adequate disease preventive measures, arrange for prompt veterinary attention when ever there is outbreak of diseases and also ensure good security around their farms.

Key words: Risk factors, Fish farming, urban agriculture.

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Ogun and Oyo States held at OGADEP Abeokuta on 27th July.pg 3-5
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ABSTRACT:This study was carried out to determine the incidence of mastitis in lactating she-camel in North Kordofan State, Sudan. Furthermore, the causative bacterial agents were identified. Sixty lactating she-camels were examined clinically for mastitis. Thereafter milk samples (n= 216 samples) were collected from each quarter of the udders of the she-camels. The samples were subjected to white side test (WST), somatic cell count test (SCC) and bacteriological examination. The results of the clinical examination revealed that the incidence of mastitis was 25% (n=15 she-camels) while upon the WST and SCC were15% (n= 9 she-camels) and 13.33% (n= 8 she-camels), respectively. However, the incidence of mastitis (41.66%) was significantly high (p<0.001) when the milk samples were bacteriological examined (n=25 she-camel).The bacterial examination revealed that the predominant cause is Staphylococcus spp. (80.30%) followed by Bacillus spp. (9.09%), Pasteurella spp. (6.06%), Corynebacteria spp. (3.03%), and Streptococcus spp. (1.52). It is concluded that the mastitis prevails in lactating she-camels in North Kordofan State and the most predominant cause of mastitis are Staphylococcus species. Mastitis emerges as a serious hazard and problem that affect a resource essential for many nomadic tribes that lives in the desert and semi desert areas. A national program to diagnose and compact this disease should be launched.

Keywords: she-camel; mastitis; WST; SCC

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Test (CMT), Somatic Cell Count (SCC) and bacteriological examinations for detection of Camel (Camelus dromedarius) mastitis in
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ABSTRACT: Weed biology is related to the study of weeds in relation to their geographical distribution, habitat, growth, population dynamics and communities. On the other hand, ecology is the interrelationship between organisms and their environment. Weed ecology is thus concerned with growth characteristics and adaptations that enable weeds to survive changes in the environment. The environment includes climatic, edaphic and biotic factors and it determines the distribution, prevalence, competing ability, behavior and survival of the weeds. Development of an appropriate and effective weed management program is dependent on the sound knowledge of weed biology and ecology i.e. a thorough knowledge regarding propagation, dispersal, behavior, survival and persistence behavior of weeds. Man plays an important role in changing the environment by altering the crop husbandry practices and by managing weed-free mono crop or multi crop cultures. Mono crop culturesutilize moisture, nutrients and light available for plant growth in a way different from multi crop cultures and this influences the ecological requirements for weed growth, behavior, competition and survival. The various aspects related to weed biology and ecology are discuss in this paper and the importance of weed biology in weed control have been reviewed in the paper. The discussion on weed biology may sometime overlap weed ecology.

Key Words: Weed, biology, ecology, management and control.

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