IOSR-JAVS   Volume-2 ~ Issue-1 ~ JAN-FEB-2013

ABSTRACT:Mutation breeding requires handling of large population as chances of induction and detection of mutation in a particular gene is rare. This increases the cost of breeding and makes the selection procedure time consuming and tedious. Detection of effective mutagenic treated population in early generations, particularly in M1 generation is no doubt reduce the population load in subsequent generation and thus cost of breeding and provide better scope of selection. Hence, the present investigation was undertaken in greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] using two varieties and the widely used physical mutagen gamma ray at five different doses to find out the possibility of existence of any relationship between M1 estimates and M2 mutation frequency. Results of the study indicated positive relationship between M1 injury and lethality with M2 macro- and micro-mutation frequency which may help in early prediction of mutation frequency
Key words: Gamma ray, Greengram, Induced Macro-mutation, Micro-mutation

[1] I. Blixt, O. Gelin, R. Mossberg, G. Ahnstrom, L. Eherenberg and R.A. Lofgraen, Studies of induced mutations in peas, Agri Hort.
Genet., 22, 1964, 1-2.
[2] J.R. Thakur, and G.S. Sethi, Mutagenic interaction of gamma rays with EMS and NaN3 in barley [Hordeum vulgare ( L.) em.
Bowden], Crop Research, 9(2), 1995, 303-308.
[3] B. Singh, and B.K. Mohapatra, Prediction of M1 mutation frequency based on M2 estimates in blackgram. Legume Research, 27(2),
2004, 137-139.
[4] H.A. Sneath and R.R. Sokal,. Numerical taxonomy (W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, 1973).
[5] H.A. Al-Jibouri, P.A. Miller and H.F. Robinson, Genotypic and environmental variances and covariances in upland cotton crosses
of interspecific origin, Agron. J., 50, 1958, 633-636.
[6] P.R. Tah, Induced macromutation in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek]. International Journal of Botany, 2(3), 2006, 219-
228.
[7] A.A. Wani, Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays, EMS and their combination treatments in Chickpea (Cicer
arietinum L.). Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 8, 2009, 318-321.
[8] A. Chandra and S.N. Tiwari, Effect of fast neutrons and gamma irradiation on germination, pollen and ovules sterility and leaf
variations in mungbean, Acta. Bot. Indica, 6(2), 1979, 206–208.
[9] R.D.S. Yadav and V.P. Singh, Induced male sterile mutants in greengram. Current Science, 56(9), 1987, 419.
[10] K.V.S. Nalinikanth. Induced genetic variability in green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek): study of M1 and M2 generation, M.Sc.
(Ag.) Thesis, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2005.

ABSTRACT:The aim of the study was to investigate and evaluate the occurrence of salinity in two soil profiles in irrigated soils of a 30 years long Brack – Ashkada agriculture project and classify their degree of salinity. The study was carried on in well No. 6 which covers twelve farms. Soil pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Exchangeable Sodium Percent (ESP) were measured at 25C; pH of soil samples ranged between 7.01 – 8.00; Electrical Conductivity (EC) is between 0.513 – 3.540 ds.m-1; and the Exchangeable Sodium Percent were ranged between 0.72 – 12.84. The pH of the soils that had been influenced by salinity farms 8 and 9 is 7.49 – 8.05, EC 1.076 – 4.421. ESP is 4.03 – 17.56 for the second and first soil depths respectively. According to the American classification of soil salinity, five sites which represent 8.3% of the studied sites were found either salted or effected by salt.
Index Terms. EC, ESP, pH, salinity.

[1] R. L. Dehaan, and G. R. Taylor, "Field-derived spectra of salinized soils and vegetation as indication of irrigation-induced soil
salinization," Intr. J. of Remote Sensing, vol. 80, pp. 406 – 417, 2002.
[2] A. Fernández-Cirelli1, J. L. Arumí, D. Rivera, and, P. W. Boochs, "Environmental effects of irrigation in arid and semi-arid
regions, Chilean," J. Agri. Res., vol. 69, pp. 27-40, 2009.
[3] P. Rengasamy, "World salinization with emphasis on Australian," J. Exp. Bot., vol. 57, pp. 1017 – 1023, 2006.
[4] J. D. Rhoads, "Use of saline and brackish water for irrigation implications and role in increasing food production, converging water,
sustaining irrigation and controlling soil and water degradation," in R. Ragab and G. Pearce, Ed. Proceeding of International
Workshop on "Use of saline and brackish water for irrigation implications, for the management of irrigation drainage Crops," Bali,
Indonesia, pp. 23- 24. 1998.
[5] E. Huok, M. Frasier, and E Schuck, "The agricultural impacts of irrigation induced waterlogging and soil salinity in the Arkansas,"
Basin. Agri. Water Mange., vol. 85, pp. 175 – 183, 2006.
[6] E. Burger and A. Celkova, "Salinity and sodicity hazard in water flow processes in the soil and plant," Soil Envr., vol. 49, (7), pp.
314 – 320, 2003.
[7] B. A. Ould Ahmed, M. Inoue, S. Moritani, "Effect of saline water irrigation and manure application on the available water content,
soil salinity, and growth of wheat," Agri. Water Manage, vol. 97, pp. 165 – 170, 2010.
[8] M. G. Barbour, J. H. Burk, W. D. Pitts, F. S. Gillan, and M. N. Schwartz, Terrestrial Plant Ecology, Menlopark, California:
Benjamin / Cummings, 1998.
[9] H. B. Chaniho, I. Rajpar, U. A. Talpur, N. B. Sial, and Zia-ul-hassan. "Evaluating soil and groundwater salinity in TALUKA
TANDO BAGO, SINDH. Pak. " J. Agri. Engg. Vet. Sci, vol. 26 (2), pp. 19 – 26, 2010.
[10] R. W. Miller and R. L. Donahue, Soils in Our Environment, 7th Ed. NJ: Prudence Hall, Englewood, Cliffs,1995, p.323.