IOSR-JAVS   Volume-1 ~ Issue-5 ~ NOV-DEC-2012

ABSTRACT:The evapotranspiration rate has a vital role in agricultural water management. In this paper, ability of Box-Jenkins models in forecasting the reference potential evapotranspiration is estimated. For this purpose meteorological data of Mehrabad synoptic station in Tehran was selected. Using this data and according to eight famous evapotranspiration equations amounts of evapotranspiration were forecasted by Box-Jenkins models. Equations of reference potential evapotranspiration that used in this study include: FAO Penman Monteith (FPM), FAO Blaney Criddle (FBC), Turc, FAO Radiation Macking (FRM), Priestley Taylor (PT), Hargreaves Samani (HS), Thornthwaite (TW), and Corrected Jensen Haise (CJH). A box-Jenkins model has found a widespread application in many practical sciences. In addition, evapotranspiration forecasting is done by some methods such as remote sensing, genetic algorithm, and artificial neural networks. On the other hand, application of both Box-Jenkins models simultaneously in order to compare their ability in forecast of evapotranspiration has not been carried out in previous researches. Therefore, this paper attempts to forecast the evapotranspiration and meteorological data by using Box-Jenkins models while increasing the number of parameters in order to increase the forecast accuracy to five parameters and comparing them. By comparing root mean square error of the models, it was determined that Box-Jenkins models are appropriate approaches to evapotranspiration forecasting..
Key words:Box-Jenkins models, evapotranspiration, meteorological data

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ABSTRACT:The effect of moisture content on some physical properties of shelled and unshelled Moringa Oleifera seed was investigated at 6.8%, 10%, 15% moisture content (wet basis). The mean values of the physical properties of the seeds were determined as length 8.3 – 8.7 mm and 12.7 – 13.4 mm, width 7.4 – 7.6 mm and 10.3 – 11.0 mm, thickness 6.5 – 7.3 mm and 10.4 – 10.9 mm, geometric mean diameter 133.1 – 160.1 mm and 453.5 – 535.6 mm, sphericity 16.0 – 18.4 mm and 35.7 – 40.0 mm, thousand seed mass 316.8 – 326.7g and 318.3 – 329.3g, bulk density 0.031 – 0.032 g/cm and 0.041 – 0.047 g/cm³, true density 0.221 – 0.632 g/cm³ and 0.300 – 0.289 g/cm³, porosity 85.9 – 94.9% and 86.3 – 83.7%, surface area 3.19 – 2.21 cm³ and 3.56 – 5.32 cm³ for shelled and unshelled seeds respectively. The coefficient of friction as measured on glass was 0.466 – 0.445% and 0.510 – 0.404%, sheet metal 0.425 – 0.466% and 0.481 – 0.547%, plywood 0.740 – 0.597% and 0.525 – 0.594% for shelled and unshelled seeds respectively. The physical properties of the seeds increased with increase in moisture content but porosity however, decreased. This information will provide engineers and designer the relevant data for efficient process handling and equipment design.
Key words:Moisture content, Moringa Oleifera, physical properties, shelled, unshelled

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ABSTRACT:Fishing is activity which is rarely carried out all alone and is often required management system which has to be formed between people and community. In the present study, five villages around the Loktak lake of Manipur were selected by adopting a case study cum survey method to analyse the fisheries management system existing in the Loktak lake and the problems faced by the fishers in the region during fishing. After catching the fishes, the fishers marketed it immediately to the middlemen either in fresh condition or in processed form as there is no icing facility for storage. Smoking of fishes using the local wood such as Sahi and Kui were found to be the main mode of preservation. Gear and craft mainly operating in the Loktak lake consisted of gill nets and dugout canoes respectively. It was observed that banned seasons are so far does not exist in Loktak lake. Using Rank Based Quotient techniques, the problems of the fishermen were analysed. Strong waves leading to the movement of the phum was reported as the major problem. The construction of Ithai barrage on Loktak lake leads to the reduction in fish productivity.
Key words:barrage, fisheries, gear, management, survey

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